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| The History and Effects of Exotic Species in San Francisco Bay |
| San Francisco Bay Project, Water Resources Division |
| J. Thompson, F. Parchaso, A. Alpine, J. Cloern, B. Cole, O. Mace, J. Edmunds, J. Baylosis, S. Luoma, F. Nichols |
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| What have the exotic species done? |
| Click on any photo to see larger images. |
 The Atlantic Shipworm (Teredo navalis), introduced in 1913, resulted in $3.1 billion (in today's dollars) in damage to wooden structures on the Bay between 1919 and 1921. |
 Striped Bass was first introduced in 1879 and was commercially harvested from 1889 until 1935. It is estimated to bring the Bay Area economies about $45 million annually. |
 The isopod Sphaeroma quoyanum, introduced in 1893, burrows into the mud banks and thus increases the erosion rate of the salt marsh. |
 The Eastern Mudsnail, introduced in 1901-07, forced the native Horn Snail from the mudflats and into the hypersaline salt marsh ponds. |
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U.S. Department of the Interior |
U.S. Geological Survey
